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枳壳化学成分鉴定探索

1提取和分离

枳壳药材25kg,粉碎,采用95%乙醇和70%乙醇浸渍法分别提取4次,提取液减压浓缩至无醇味,得总提取浸膏。向浸膏中加适量水分散,依次用石油醚,乙酸乙酯,正丁醇萃取,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物420g采用硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱)分离得24个流份,其中16号流份59g经硅胶柱(二氯-甲醇梯度洗脱)、制备HPLC以及羟丙基葡聚糖粒凝胶纯化得化合物1(100mg),2(950mg),3(347mg),4(100mg),7(170mg),8(146mg);20号流份45g同样经硅胶柱(二氯-甲醇梯度洗脱)、羟丙基葡聚糖粒凝胶及制备HPLC纯化得化合物5(89mg);23号流份12.5g经开放ODS柱、制备液相及凝胶色谱分离以及纯化得到化合物6(25mg),9(412mg)。

2结构鉴定

化合物1无色针状结晶(甲醇)。1H-NMR(CD3OD)δ:7.84(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-4),7.45(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-5),6.78(1H,dd,J=8.4,2.4Hz,H-6),6.70(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-8),6.17(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-3);13C-NMR(CD3OD)δ:162.3(C-7),161.8(C-2),155.8(C-9),144.6(C-4),129.2(C-5),113.1(C-6),111.7(C-3),110.9(C-10),102.0(C-8)。NMR数据与文献[3]一致,鉴定为伞形花内酯(umbelliferone)。化合物2白色簇晶(三氯甲烷)。ESI-MSm/z355[M+Na]+,1H-NMR(CDCl3,)δ:7.63(1H,d,J=9.2Hz,H-4),7.36(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-5),6.84(1H,dd,J=2.4,8.4Hz,H-6),6.80(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-8),6.23(1H,d,J=9.2Hz,H-3),5.51(1H,brt,J=6.4Hz,H-2'),4.59(2H,d,J=6.4Hz,H-1'),3.34(1H,d,J=10.4Hz,H-6'),2.37(1H,m,H-5'),2.16(1H,m,H-5'),1.76(3H,s,3'-CH3),1.63(1H,m,H-4'),1.47(1H,m,H-4'),1.20,1.16(each3H,s,7'-CH3);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:162.1(C-2),161.3(C-7),155.8(C-8a),143.4(C-4),142.2(C-3'),128.7(C-5),118.9(C-2'),113.2(C-6),112.9(C-3),112.5(C-4a),101.6(C-8)78.0(C-6'),73.1(C-7'),65.4(C-1'),36.5(C-5'),29.5(C-4'),26.5,23.3,16.8(-Me)。以上数据与文献[2]一致,鉴定此化合物为马尔敏(marmin)。化合物3淡黄色针晶(三氯甲烷)。ESI-MSm/z395[M+Na]+,1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:8.14(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-4),7.58(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-2'),7.14(1H,s,H-8),6.94(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-3'),6.26(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-3),5.58(1H,t,J=6.8Hz,H-2″),4.94(2H,d,J=6.8Hz,H-1″),3.31(1H,dd,J=10.4Hz,1.6Hz,H-6″),2.35(1H,m,H-5″),2.14(1H,m,H-5″),1.70(3H,s,3″-CH3),1.60(1H,m,H-4″),1.43(1H,m,H-4″),1.19,1.16(each3H,s,7″-CH3);13C-NMR(CDCl3)δ:161.2(C-2),158.1(C-7),152.6(C-9),148.8(C-5),145.0(C-2'),142.9(C-3″),139.5(C-4),119.3(C-2″),114.3(C-6),112.6(C-3),107.5(C-10),105.0(C-3'),94.3(C-8),69.7(C-1″),29.7(C-4″),36.5(C-5″),77.9(C-6″),73.1(C-7″),26.5,23.3,16.6(-CH3)。

以上数据与文献[4]一致,鉴定为6',7'-二羟基香柠檬素(6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin)。化合物4无色针状结晶(三氯甲烷)。1H-NMR(CD3OD)δ:8.32(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-4),7.70(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-2'),7.05(1H,d,J=2.4Hz,H-3'),7.01(1H,s,H-8),6.22(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-3);13C-NMR(C5D5N)δ:162.2(C-2),159.1(C-7),155.0(C-5),145.8(C-2'),141.0(C-4),114.5(C-6),112.3(C-3),106.3(C-10),106.0(C-3'),92.4(C-8)。NMR数据与文献[4]一致,故鉴定为佛手酚(bergaptol)。化合物5白色块片状固体(甲醇)。ESI-MSm/z301[M+Na]+,1H-NMR(CD3OD)δ:7.83(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-4),7.44(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-5),7.00(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-6),6.20(1H,d,J=9.6Hz,H-3),3.66(1H,dd,J=9.2,3.2Hz,H-2'),3.00(2H,dd,J=13.2,3.2Hz,H-1'),3.94(3H,s,7-OCH3),1.31(3H,s,4'-CH3),1.29(3H,s,5'-CH3);13C-NMR(CD3OD)δ:162.3(C-2),161.1(C-7),153.3(C-9),144.9(C-4),127.0(C-5),115.7(C-8),112.9(C-10),111.6(C-3),107.6(C-6),77.4(C-2'),72.7(C-3'),24.9(C-1'),24.2(C-4'),24.1(C-5'),55.3(7-OMe)。以上数据与文献[5]一致,鉴定为水合橙皮内酯(meranzinhydrate)。化合物6浅黄色针状结晶(甲醇)。1H-NMR(CD3OD)δ:7.62(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,H-3'),7.20(1H,brs,H-2),7.09(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-6),6.83(1H,d,J=8.4Hz,H-5),6.33(1H,d,J=15.6Hz,H-2'),3.33(3H,s,-OCH3);13C-NMR(CD3OD),δ:169.5(C-1'),149.1(C-3),148.0(C-4),145.5(C-3'),126.4(C-1),122.5(C-6),115.1(C-2'),114.5(C-5),110.4(C-2),55.1(-OCH3)。NMR数据与文献[6]基本一致,故鉴定此化合物为阿魏酸(ferulicacid)。化合物7白色针状结晶(甲醇)。1H-NMR(C5D5N)δ:7.73(1H,s,H-21),7.64(1H,m,H-23),6.53(1H,s,H-22),5.75(1H,s,H-17),5.23(1H,d,J=13.2Hz,H-19β),4.70(1H,d,J=13.2Hz,H-19α),4.65(1H,s,H-15),4.31(1H,d,J=3.6Hz,H-1),3.26(1H,dd,J=14.8,4.0Hz,H-6α),3.21(1H,d,J=16.4Hz,H-2α),3.09(1H,d,J=16.4Hz,H-2b),2.82(1H,brd,J=11.2Hz,H-9),2.66(1H,dd,J=15.6,3.2Hz,H-5),2.57(1H,dd,J=14.4,3.2Hz,H-6b),2.01(1H,m,H-12a),1.86(2H,m,H-11,12b),1.30,1.29,1.27,1.22(each3H,s,4×CH3);13C-NMR(C5D5N)δ:208.2(C-7),170.6(C-3),166.0(C-16),144.1(C-23),142.4(C-21),121.6(C-20),111.0(C-22),80.8(C-4),80.2(C-1),78.6(C-17),67.5(C-14),66.2(C-19),60.4(C-5),55.2(C-15),51.9(C-8),48.5(C-9),48.8(C-10),38.9(C-13),37.3(C-6),36.9(C-2),30.6(C-12),30.3(C-29),22.1(C-28),20.8(C-18),19.1(C-11),18.1(C-30)。NMR数据与文献[7]一致,鉴定该化合物为柠檬苦素(limonin)。化合物8白色粉末。

1H-NMR(C5D5N)δ:5.39(1H,brs,H-6),5.00(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,glc-H-1'),1.22~1.30(brs,n×CH2),0.98(3H,s,H-19),0.93~0.87(15H,m,5×CH3),0.69(3H,s,H-18);13C-NMR(C5D5N)δ:173.9(C=O),141.5(C-5),122.3(C-6),103.2(C-1'),79.2(C-2'),78.8(C-3),75.5(C-4'),75.5(C-5'),72.1(C-3'),65.1(C-6'),57.4(C-14),56.8(C-17),50.9(C-9),46.5(C-24),43.0(C-13),40.5(C-12),39.8(C-4),38.1(C-1),37.4(C-10),36.8(C-20),34.9(C-2″),34.7(C-22),32.6(C-7),32.5(C-14″),30.8(C-8),30.5(C-28),30.5~29.9(C-14″~13″),29.0(C-24),27.9(C-2),26.9(C-16),25.8(C-3″),24.9(C-15),23.8(C-23),23.3(C-15″),21.8(C-11),20.4(C-26),19.9(C-19),19.7(C-27),19.5(C-21),14.7(C-16″),12.6(C-29),12.4(C-18)。NMR数据与文献[8]一致,鉴定为胡萝卜苷棕榈酸酯(daucosterolpalmitate)。化合物9白色粉末。mp283~285℃,Molish和Liebermann-Burchard反应均呈阳性,TLC与胡萝卜苷对照品Rf值一致,且混合熔点不下降,故鉴定此化合物为胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)。

作者:邓可众 丁邑强 周斌 熊英 陈虹 单位:江西中医药大学 北京中医药大学 江西科技师范大学


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